The influence of Arab culture in Zanzibar

1. The Architecture of Zanzibar
One of the most visible influences of Arab culture in Zanzibar is the distinctive architecture, particularly in Stone Town. The island’s buildings showcase a blend of Arab, Persian, Indian, and African influences, but the Arab contribution stands out. The use of coral stone for construction, large wooden doors with intricate carvings, and narrow winding alleys are all hallmarks of Arab-style architecture.

• What to Look For:
  • Arabesque Doors: The large, ornately carved wooden doors, often adorned with brass studs, are iconic in Zanzibar. These doors, symbolizing wealth and status, were a direct influence of Arab craftsmanship.
  • Houses with Courtyards: Traditional Arab-style homes often feature an inner courtyard, offering privacy from the bustling streets. This design is still seen in many buildings throughout Stone Town.
  • Mosques and Minarets: The influence of Islam, brought by Arab traders, is most evident in the mosques and minarets scattered around the island. The Old Fort and House of Wonders are examples of buildings that reflect this cultural fusion.

2. Zanzibar’s Cuisine
The island’s cuisine has been profoundly influenced by Arab traders and settlers. Spices, herbs, and cooking techniques from the Arab world were introduced to Zanzibar and became an integral part of its food culture.

• What to Taste:
  • Mishkaki: A popular street food, mishkaki are skewers of marinated meat, often grilled over an open flame. The dish is heavily influenced by Middle Eastern kabobs.
  • Spices: Zanzibar is known as the “Spice Island,” and Arab merchants played a key role in introducing and cultivating spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg.
  • Shawarma: The popular Middle Eastern dish, shawarma (spit-roasted meat), is commonly found in Zanzibar’s restaurants, reflecting the Arab taste for grilled meats.

3. The Role of Islam
Islam, brought to Zanzibar by Arab traders in the 8th century, is the predominant religion of the island. Arab missionaries and traders not only introduced Islam but also played a significant role in shaping Zanzibar’s spiritual life.

• What to Experience:
  • Mosques: Zanzibar boasts numerous mosques, with The Big Mosque and the Malindi Mosque being notable examples. These mosques, often featuring traditional Arab architectural styles, are important centers of worship and cultural identity.
  • Ramadan Traditions: The holy month of Ramadan, observed by the majority of Zanzibaris, is celebrated with nightly prayers, feasts, and communal activities, all influenced by Arab customs.
  • Call to Prayer: The sound of the call to prayer, or adhan, is a constant reminder of the island’s Islamic heritage. The calls echo across Stone Town, resonating with the island’s Arab roots.

4. The Swahili Language
The Swahili language, widely spoken across East Africa, is a direct product of centuries of Arab influence. Swahili evolved from the interaction of Bantu-speaking African communities with Arab traders, who introduced Arabic vocabulary and grammatical structures into the local language.

• What to Hear:
  • Swahili, while rooted in African linguistic traditions, incorporates hundreds of Arabic words, particularly in religion, trade, and daily life. Words like kitabu (book), salaam (peace), and shukran (thank you) have Arabic origins.
  • The use of Arabic phrases and expressions in everyday Swahili reflects the deep integration of Arab culture in the island’s identity.

5. Arts and Music
Arab influence also extends to Zanzibar’s vibrant arts and music scene. Traditional Zanzibari music is a fusion of African, Arab, Indian, and European elements, creating a unique style known as Taarab music. Taarab, which blends Arabic rhythms and melodies with African instruments, is a cornerstone of Zanzibar’s musical heritage.

• What to Listen For:
  • Taarab Music: Typically performed with a mix of stringed instruments, percussion, and an orchestra, Taarab is the soundtrack of Zanzibar’s cultural life, played at weddings, festivals, and special events.
  • Poetry and Storytelling: The Arabic tradition of oral storytelling and poetry has influenced local Swahili literature and theater.

6. The Slave Trade and Arab Traders
The influence of Arab culture in Zanzibar is also tied to its tragic history in the transatlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades. Arab traders were deeply involved in the capture and trade of enslaved people, which has left a lasting imprint on the island’s historical and cultural fabric.

• What to Explore:
  • The Slave Market: The historic Zanzibar Slave Market and the House of Wonders offer a glimpse into this dark period of the island’s history, with Arab traders playing a significant role in the region’s slavery network.
  • The Anglican Cathedral: Built on the site of the former slave market, the Anglican Cathedral in Stone Town is a poignant reminder of the island’s past.

7. The Influence on Zanzibar’s Festivals
Zanzibar’s festivals often reflect a blend of Arab and African traditions. These celebrations incorporate Islamic practices, such as fasting and feasting during Ramadan, alongside local customs that have been passed down through generations.

• What to Celebrate:
  • Eid al-Fitr: The end of Ramadan is marked by large communal prayers and festive meals, showcasing the Arab influence on Zanzibari culture.
  • Sauti za Busara: This annual music festival celebrates a mix of cultural influences, with Arab sounds playing a significant role in the island’s musical diversity.